Rajasthan Librarian 3rd grade Syllabus: 2023-24

 

            The Rajasthan Librarian 3rd grade examination syllabus includes topics like Rajasthan GK, World GK, India GK, Current Affairs, Educational Psychology, and library science. All the Rajasthan Librarian 3rd Grade exam-related things available below:

Post Name : Librarian 3rd Grade

Total Post : NA

Pay Scale : NA

Age Limit : Not Exceeding 40 Years for General

Educational Qualifications: Essential Qualification - a degree in Library Science from a recognized Institute/University or Graduation with a one-year diploma in Library Science from a recognized Institution.

 

Apply Online: Through SSO ID Click Here

Instructions: 

1. The question paper will carry 100 questions with multiple answers.
2. Negative markings shall be applicable in the evaluations of the answers. For every wrong answer, one-third of the marks prescribed for that particular question shall be deducted.
3. The minimum qualifying marks for each paper shall be 40%. Provided that the percentage fixed as above shall be relaxed by 5% for the candidates belonging to the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
   

 

PAPER 1 Syllabus (General Knowledge)

 

- No. of Questions = 100
- Total Marks = 200 (each question carry 2 marks)
- Time Duration = 2 Hours
- Paper will be conducted offline mode. So carefully read the permission latter instructions

1. Geographical, historical, Cultural and general knowledge of Rajasthan (Based on latest updates geographical areas 2023)

Geography: Physiography, Drainage system, Demography, Mineral-Water-Animal-Power resources, Natural vegetation, Environmental and ecological issues, Wildlife and biodiversity, Major industrial regions, Agriculture and agro-based activities, Major industries and industrial development, Natural resources, Major irrigation projects, Broad physical features, such as mountains-plateaus-plains-rivers-lakes, Natural vegetation and climate, Livestock, Population and tribes, Fisheries, Forestry etc.

Art and Culture: Arts, Paintings and Handicrafts. Fairs, Festivals, Folk Music and Folk Dances. Rajsathani Culture, Traditions and Heritage. Religious Movements, Saints& Lok devtas of Rajasthan etc.

History: Major landmarks in the history of Rajasthan , Important dynasties, peasant and tribal movements, Important historical tourist places, Historical literature, Freedom movement, political awakening, Pre-historical sites etc.

Other General Knowledge aspects related to Rajasthan.

2. Current Affairs of Rajasthan

Last 6 month Current affairs

3. General Knowledge of World

All major and famous articles and international relations.

4. General Knowledge of India

Completed India GK considered with Geography, History, Polity and economics.

5. Educational Psychology

PAPER 2 Syllabus (Knowledge Organization, Information Processing & Retrieval) 

Library and Information Science 

 

- No. of Questions = 100
- Total Marks = 200 (each question carry 2 marks)
- Time Duration = 2 Hours
- Paper will be conducted offline mode. So carefully read the permission latter instructions

1. Universe of Knowledge

- Structure and attributes.
- Modes of formation of subjects.
- Different types of subjects.
- Universe of subjects as mapped in different schemes of classification.

2. Bibliographic description

- Catalog purpose, Structure and types of physical forms including OPAC filling rules.
- Overview of principles and practice in document description.
- Current trends in Standardization, description and exchange.
- Standard codes of cataloging.
- Normative Principles of cataloging.

3. Methods of Knowledge Organization

- General theory of Library Classification.
- Normative principles of classification and their application.
- Species of Library Classification.
- Standard Schemes of Classifications and their features, CC, DDC, UDC.
- Notation: Need, Functions, Characteristics
- Design and development of schemes of Library Classification, Standard subdivision Index.
- Trends in Library Classification.

4. Subject Classification

- Principles of Subject Classification.
- Subject heading lists and their features.
- Educational Psychology

 

             The exam format for the Rajasthan Librarian 3rd Grade are:

1. Offline Paper

2. Multiple-Choice questions. 

3. Each correct response carries 2 mark, and incorrect responses receive -0.33 mark.

4. Total Questions = 200

5. Total Marks = 400

6. Total Time Duration with time limit for each part = 4 Hours (2+2 Hours separately with breaks)

 

Share your feedback and Best Wishes for your Exam in Advance.

UGC NET 2024 : Paper 1 - Teaching and Research Aptitude- Syllabus

            UGC NET (राष्ट्रीय पात्रता परीक्षा) or NTA-UGC-NET - यह स्नातकोत्तर प्रतियोगियों के लिये विश्वविद्यालयों (Universities) और महाविद्यालयों (Colleges) में Assistant Professor and Junior Research Fellowship award हेतु परीक्षा होती हैं। इसका आयोजन अर्ध-वार्षिक रूप से NTA -  विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग (UGC- University Grants Commission) द्वारा किया जाता है। 

            यह Syllabus 2019 से ही तय किया हुआ है और अभी तक इसमें कोई बदलाव नहीं हुआ है | इस भाग में हम LIS(Library and Information Science) विषय का Syllabus सम्बंधित Content wise जानकारी उपलब्ध कराने जा रहे हैं | ताकि आप इसे Google Search से भी खोज सकते हैं और अपनी तयारी को पक्का कर सकते हैं |

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UGC NET - Paper 1 

Teaching and Research Aptitude 

(शिक्षण और शोध अभिवृति) 

Syllabus Content -Unit Wise

Basic Syllabus:

Unit 1: Teaching Aptitude 

Unit 2: Research Aptitude 

Unit 3: Comprehension

Unit 4: Communication 

Unit 5: Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude

Unit 6: Logical Reasoning

Unit 7: Data Interpretation

Unit 8: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 

Unit 9: People, Development, and Environment

Unit 10: Higher Education System

Detailed Syllabus: 

UNIT 1: Teaching Aptitude

1. Teaching: Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory, Understanding, and Reflective), Characteristics, and basic requirements.
2. Learner’s characteristics: Characteristics of adolescent and adult learners (Academic, Social, Emotional, and Cognitive), Individual differences.
3. Factors affecting teaching relate to Teacher, Learner, Support material, Instructional facilities, Learning environment, and Institution.
4. Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning: Teacher-centred vs. Learner-centered methods; offline vs. Online methods (Swayam, Swayamprabha, MOOCs, etc.).
5. Teaching Support System: Traditional, Modern, and ICT based.
6. Evaluation Systems: Elements and Types of Evaluation, Evaluation in Choice Based Credit System in Higher Education, Computer-based testing, Innovations in evaluation systems.

Unit-II: Research Aptitude

1. Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Post-Positive Approaches to Research.
2. Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative, and Quantitative Methods.
3. Steps of Research.
4. Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of referencing.
5. Application of ICT in research.
6. Research ethics.

Unit-III: Comprehension

• A passage of text is given. Questions are asked from the passage which needs to be answered.

Unit-IV: Communication

1. Communication: Meaning, types, and characteristics of communication.
2. Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group communications, Classroom communication.
3. Barriers to effective communication.
4. Mass-Media and Society.

Unit-V: Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude

1. Types of reasoning
2. Number series, letter series, codes, and relationships
3. Mathematical aptitude (fraction, time & distance, ratio, proportion and percentage, profit and loss, interest and discounting, averages etc.)

Unit-VI: Logical Reasoning

1. Understanding the structure of arguments: Argument forms, the structure of categorical propositions, mood and figure, formal and informal fallacies, uses of language, connotations, and denotations of terms, the classical square of opposition
2. Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning
3. Analogies
4. Venn diagram: Simple and multiple uses for establishing the validity of arguments
5. Indian Logic: Means of knowledge
6. Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension)
7. Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation), Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference)

Unit-VII: Data Interpretation

1. Sources, acquisition and classification of data
2. Quantitative and qualitative data
3. Graphical representation (bar-chart, histograms, pie-chart, table-chart and line-chart) and mapping of data
4. Data interpretation
5. Data and governance

Unit-VIII: Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

1. ICT: General abbreviations and terminology
2. Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing
3. Digital initiatives in higher education
4. ICT and Governance

Unit-IX: People, Development and Environment

1. Development and environment: Millennium development and Sustainable development goals
2. Human and environment interaction: Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on the environment
3. Environmental issues: Local, regional and global; air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, waste (solid, liquid, biomedical, hazardous, electronic), climate change and its socio-economic and political dimensions
4. Impacts of pollutants on human health
5. Natural and energy resources: Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass, Nuclear and Forests
6. Natural hazards and disasters: Mitigation strategies
7. Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate Change, International agreements/efforts -Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International Solar Alliance

Unit-X: Higher Education System

1. Institutions of higher learning and education in ancient India
2. Evolution of higher learning and research in post-independence India
3. Oriental, conventional and non-conventional learning programmes in India
4. Professional, technical and skill-based education.
5. Value education and environmental education
6. Policies, governance, and administration 

UGC NET 2024 : Paper 2 - Library Science - Syllabus

            UGC NET (राष्ट्रीय पात्रता परीक्षा) or NTA-UGC-NET - यह स्नातकोत्तर प्रतियोगियों के लिये विश्वविद्यालयों (Universities) और महाविद्यालयों (Colleges) में Assistant Professor and Junior Research Fellowship award हेतु परीक्षा होती हैं। इसका आयोजन अर्ध-वार्षिक रूप से NTA -  विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग (UGC- University Grants Commission) द्वारा किया जाता है अर्थार्त वर्ष में दो बार - जून व दिसम्बर माह में । 

            यह Syllabus 2019 से ही तय किया हुआ है और अभी तक इसमें कोई बदलाव नहीं हुआ है | इस भाग में हम LIS(Library and Information Science) विषय का Syllabus सम्बंधित Content wise जानकारी उपलब्ध कराने जा रहे हैं | ताकि आप इसे Google Search से भी खोज सकते हैं और अपनी तयारी को पक्का कर सकते हैं |

UGC-NET की परीक्षा का उपयोग

            UGC-NET की परीक्षा देने के लिए आपके पास स्नातकोत्तर पूर्ण की हुई हो या आप अंतिम वर्ष में हो तो दे सकते हैं | इस परीक्षा में विषय का चुनाव स्नातकोत्तर के विषय से ही किया जा सकता है जैसे यदि आपने स्नातकोत्तर गणित विषय से किया है तो इस परीक्षा के विषय का चुनाव भी आपका गणित ही होगा| इस परीक्षा में उम्मीदवारों का चुनाव उच्च या टॉप 1% JRF के लिए और 6% NET के लिए किया जाएगा | किन्तु 2024 से इसमें पीएचडी के लिए भी एक अलग से केटेगरी छांटने का निर्णय लिया है | इस परीक्षा को उत्तीर्ण करने के बाद आप असिस्टेंट प्रोफेसर के लिए देश के किसी भी महाविद्यालय में आवेदन कर सकते हैं या आप चाहे तो पीएचडी के लिए भी आवीदन कार्स सकते हैं | यदि आप JRF कर लेते हैं तो आप दोनों के लिए आवेदन कर सकते हैं किन्तु यदि आपने मात्र NET ही क्वालीफाई किया है तो आपको पीएचडी हेतु अलग से परीक्षा देनी होगी, जिस भी विश्वविद्यालय से आप करना चाहें |

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UGC-NET - Paper 2

LIS(Library and Information Science)

Syllabus Content Unit Wise

(Code No. 59)

UNIT 1: DIKW

1. Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom.
2. Information Life Cycle - Generation, Collection, Storage and Dissemination.
3. Role of Information in Planning, Management, Socio-economic, Cultural, Educational and Technological Development.
4. Information Science - Relationship with other subjects, Information Society and Knowledge Society.
5. Communication – Concept, Types, Theories, Models, Channels and Barriers; Trends in Scholarly Communication.
6. Information Industry - Generators, Providers and Intermediaries.
7. IPR and Legal Issues - Categories, Conventions, Treaties, Laws.
8. Plagiarism: Concept and Types.
9. Right to Information Act (RTI); Information Technology Act.
10. National Knowledge Commission; National Mission on Libraries

 

Unit 2: Library Development

1. Historical Development of Libraries in India; Committees and Commissions on Libraries in India.
2. Types of Libraries – Academic, Public, Special and National.
3. Library Legislation and Library Acts in Indian States; The Press and Registration of Books Act; The Delivery of Books and Newspapers (Public Libraries) Act., Laws of Library Science.
4. Library and Information Science Profession - Librarianship as a Profession,
5. Professional Skills and Competences; Professional Ethics.
6. Professional Associations - National – ILA, IASLIC, IATLIS; International – IFLA, ALA, CILIP, ASLIB, SLA; Role of UGC, RRRLF and UNESCO in Promotion and Development of Libraries.
7. Library and Information Science Education in India.
8. Library Public Relations and Extension Activities.
9. Type of Users - User Studies, User Education. 
10. Information Literacy - Areas, Standards, Types and Models; Trends in Information Literacy

 

Unit 3: Information Sources

1. Information Sources - Nature, Characteristics, Types and Formats.
2. Sources of Information - Primary, Secondary and Tertiary; Documentary and Non-Documentary.
3. Primary Information Sources (Print and Electronic) - Journals, Conference Proceedings, Patents, Standards, Theses & Dissertations, Trade Literature.
4. Secondary Information Sources (P&E) - Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Bibliographies, Indexing & Abstracting, Statistical sources, Handbooks and Manuals.
5. Tertiary Information Sources (P&E)- Directories, Year Books, Almanacs.
6. Reference Sources - Bibliographical, Biographical, Educational, Language and Geographical.
7. Electronic Information Resources - Subject Gateways, Web Portals, Bulletin Boards, Discussion Forums /Groups.
8. Databases: Bibliographic, Numeric, Full text, Multimedia; Open Access Databases.
9. Institutional and Human Resources.
10. Evaluation of Reference Sources and Web Resources.

Unit 4: Information Services

1. Community Information Services.
2. Reference Service – Concept and Types; Referral Services
3. Alerting Services - CAS, SDI, Inter Library Loan and Document Delivery.
4. Mobile based Library Services and Tools – Mobile OPAC, Mobile Databases, Mobile Library Website, Library Apps, Mobile Library Instructions, Augmented Reality, SMS Alerts, Geo-Location, Reference Enquiry.
5. Web 2.0 and 3.0 - Library 2.0- Concept, Characteristics, Components; Instant Messaging, RSS Feeds, Podcasts, Vodcasts, Ask a Librarian
6. Collaborative Services- Social Networks, Academics Social Networks, Social Tagging, Social Bookmarking.
7. Web – Scale Discovery Services
8. National Information Systems and Networks: NISCAIR, DESIDOC, SENDOC, ENVIS, INFLIBNET, DELNET, NICNET, ERNET, National Knowledge Network (NKN), Biotechnology Information System Network
9. International Information Systems and Networks: INIS, AGRIS, INSPEC, MEDLARS, BIOSIS, ERIC, Patent Information System (PIS), Biotechnology Information System (BIS).
10. Library Resource Sharing and Library Consortia – National and International 

Unit 5: Universe of Knowledge

1. Universe of Knowledge - Nature and Attributes; Modes of Formation of Subjects.
2. Knowledge Organisation - Classification – Theories, Cannons, and Principles; Simple Knowledge Organisation System (SKOS), Taxonomies, Folksonomy, Trends in Classification.
3. Mapping of Subjects in Library Classification Schemes – DDC, UDC and CC.
4. Knowledge Organisation: Cataloguing - Cannons and Principles; Centralized and Co-operative Catalogue; Library Cataloguing Codes: CCC and AACR - II.
5. Standards of Bibliographic Record Formats and Description – ISBD, MARC 21, CCF, RDA, FRBR, Bibframe.
6. Standards for Bibliographic Information Interchange & Communication – ISO 2709, Z39.50, Z39.71.
7. Metadata Standards: Dublin Core; MARC21, METS, MODES, EAD.
8. Indexing Systems and Techniques: Assigned - Pre-coordinate; Post-Coordinate; Derived- Title-based; Vocabulary Control.
9. Abstracting – Types and Guidelines.
10. Information Retrieval System – Features, Components, Models and Evaluation

Unit 6: Library Management

1. Management - Principles, Functions and Schools of thought.
2. Library and Information Centers Management - Book Selection Tools and Principles; Library Acquisition, Technical Processing, Circulation, Serial Control, Maintenance and Stock Verification; Preservation and Conservation; Hazards and Control Measures of Library Materials.
3. Human Resource Management – Planning, Job Analysis, Job Description, Job Evaluation, Selection, Recruitment, Motivation, Training and Development, Performance Appraisal; Staff Manual.
4. Financial Management in Libraries - Sources of Finance, Resource Mobilisation, Budgeting Methods; Cost Effective and Cost Benefit Analysis, Annual Reports & Statistics; Library Authority and Committee.
5. Project Management - SWOT, PEST, PERT / CPM.
6. Total Quality Management (TQM) - Concepts, Principles and Techniques, Six Sigma; Evaluation of Services of Libraries and Information Centers.
7. Library Building, Furniture and Equipments; Green Library Building; Information Commons; Makers Space; Security and Safety.
8. Management Information System (MIS), MBO, Change Management, Disaster Management, Crisis Management.
9. Knowledge Management – Principles, Tools, Components and Architecture.
10. Marketing of Library Products and Services – Plan, Research, Strategies, Mix, Segmentation, Pricing and Advertising; Management Consultancy.

Unit 7: Use of ICT in a Library

1. Computer Technology - Character Representation (ASCII, ISCII, Unicode); Computer Hardware, Software; Storage Devices; Input and Output Devices.
2. Types of Software - System Software, Application Software.
3. Programming Languages – Object Oriented, Procedural, High Level, Scripting; Web Languages.
4. Telecommunication - Transmission Channels, Mode, and Media, ISDN, PSDN, Multiplexing, Modulation, Standards and Protocols.
5. Wireless Communication – Media, Wi-fi, Li-fi, Satellite Communication, Mobile Communication.
6. Computer Networks - Topologies, Types of Networks – LAN, MAN, WAN.
7. Internet - Web browsers, WWW, E-mail; Search Engines, Meta and Entity Search engines.
8. Internet Protocols and Standards – HTTP, SHTTP, FTP, SMTP, TCP/IP, URI, URL.
9. Hypertext, Hypermedia, Multimedia, Video conferencing, Virtual Reality, Augmented Technologies.
10. Data Security, Network Security, Firewalls, Cryptographic Techniques, Anti-virus software, Anti-spyware, Intrusion Detection System.

Unit 8: Library Automation

1. Library Automation – Areas, Planning, Selection of Hardware and Software, Implementation and Evaluation; Standards for Library Automation.
2. Barcode, RFID, QR Code, Biometric, Smartcard: Features and Applications.
3. Digitization – Planning, Selection of Materials, Hardware, Software, Process, Issues.
4. Digital Library: Genesis, Characteristics, Types, Architecture; Standards, Formats and Protocols, DOI.
5. Digital Preservation - Need, Purpose, Standards, Methods, Techniques, Projects (National and International).
6. Digital Library Initiatives – National and International.
7. Institutional Repositories - Need, Purpose, Types and Tools; Institutional Repositories in India; ROAR, DOAR, SHARPA-ROMIO.
8. Content Management Systems – Architecture, Data Integration, CMS Software – Selection, Implementation and Evaluation.
9. Application of Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems and Robotics in Libraries; Social Mobile Analytics Cloud (SMAC); Cloud Computing.
10. Ontology – Tools (RDF, RDFS, Potege); Semantic Web, Linked Data, Big Data, Data Mining, Data Harvesting.

Unit 9: Research in a Library

1. Research - Concept, Purpose, Functions, Scope and Ethics; Types of Research – Basic and Applied, Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary.
2. Research Methods: Historical, Descriptive, Experimental and Delphi.
3. Research Design - Selection of Research Problem, Review of Literature; Formulation of Research Problem; Hypothesis – Formulation, Types and Testing; Sampling Techniques.
4. Methods of Data Collection: Questionnaire, Interview, Observation, Library Records, Scales and Checklist.
5. Data Analysis and Interpretation - Presentation of Data; Statistical Methods/Techniques.
6. Statistical Packages – Spreadsheet, SPSS, Bibexcel, ‘R’ Statistics.
7. Research Report Writing and Citation Tools – Structure, Style, Contents, Guidelines; Style Manuals; Online Citation Tools; Reference Style Management Tools; Anti-plagiarism Tools; Evaluation of Research Report.
8. Metric Studies in LIS - Bibliometrics, Scientometric, Webometrics, Altmetrics;
9. Impact Factors – Journal, Institutional and Authors; h-Index, g-Index, i10 Index.
10. Trends in Library and Information Science Research.

Unit 10: Higher Education vs Library

1. Academic Library and Information System.
2. Public Library and Information System.
3. Special Library and Information System.
4. Health Science Library and Information System.
5. Corporate Library and Information System.
6. Agricultural Library and Information System.
7. Engineering and Technological Library and Information System.
8. Archive, Museums and Oriental Libraries.
9. Community Information System.
10. Information Services and System for Persons with Disability, Children and Women.

 

 

 

Voice Tricks: Very Short tricks never find any where

 

 

Voices are two types - Active Voice and Passive Voice

Below rules apply while changing active voice to passive voice.

 

Trick 1: Convert Subject to Object and Object to Subject

 
Trick 2: Use V3 form

Trick 3: Always use by + Subject

 

Trick 4: Do not change the Tense 

 

Trick 5: Convert

Who ---------> By whom

Whom -------> Who

 

Trick 6: Convert Active Voice to Passive Voice   

 

   Active Voice                        Passive Voice

V1/V5 (s/es) ----------> is/am/are

V2/did ------------------> was/were

V3 -----------------------> Been + V3

V4 (+ing) --------------> Being + V3   

Shall/Will --------------> Shall/Will + be

 

Trick 7: Passive Voice Sentence Format

 

Object + HV + V3 + by + Subject

 

Trick 8: Do not की जगह Not to का इस्तेमाल करें| 

Trick 9: Special format of the Tense in both AV and PV.

A.V. ----> Get Someone/Have Someone + to + V1 + Noun

 

P.V. ----> Have/Get + Noun + V3

 

 

Another Basic Tricks:

- Known के साथ हमेशा to का use होगा |

 

- Not हमेशा 3rd position पर आता है किन्तु W, H के Case में 4th Position पर आएगा |

 

- Modal Verb के साथ हमेशा V1 का इस्तेमाल होगा|

 

 

Follow these above tricks and I am 100% sure that you will solve 90% questions from these tricks.

 

 

 

Narration Tricks: Very Short tricks never find any where

Narration Tricks

 

Trick 1: Pronoun को हमेशा Change करना है 

 

1stPerson - Change According to - Subject

2nd Person - Change According to - Object

3rd Person - Change According to - No Change

Trick 2: Tense को हमेशा Change करना है 

 

Direct Speech           Indirect Speech

V1 ----------------> V2

V2 ----------------> had + V3

V3 or Other ------> Same

Say/Says -------->  No change in tense

Trick 3: Adverb को हमेशा Change करना है 

 

Direct Speech           Indirect Speech

Do/Does ----------> Did + V2

is/am/are --------> was/were

has ----------------> had

Has been --------->  Had been 

Did + V2 ----------> Had

Was/Were --------> Had been 

had ----------------> No Change 

Had been --------->  No Change

Shall/Will ---------> Would

 

 
Trick 4: , " को हमेशा Change करना है 

 

To remove  ,  and " " use Conjunction 'That'

Trick 5: Said/Said to को हमेशा Change करना है 

 

   Direct Speech                    Indirect Speech

Say/Says/Said ----------> No Change

Says to -------------------> Tells

Say to --------------------> Tell

Said to ------------------->  that

 

 

Another Tricks:

- If there is no object available in sentence then we can assume either 1st or 3rd person.

 

- Reporting verbs rule:

 

Direct Speech           Indirect Speech

Ago ---------------> Before

Now --------------> Then

This --------------> That

These ------------>  Those 

Here --------------> There

Hither ------------> Thither

Today ------------> That Day

Yesterday -------->  The Previous Day/ The Day Before

Tomorrow --------> The Next Day/ The following Day/
                                 The Day After/ On the morrow

Last Night --------> The Previous Night/ The Night Before

 

Follow these above tricks and I am 100% sure that you will solve 90% questions from these tricks.